What is Design?

How-To-Design.org | Prof. Ian Besler

What is Design?

Latin designare, “to mark out.”

  • de (out) +
  • signare (to mark)

To sort things out.

To organize.

To make sense.

Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave,” France, (Wiki)
Pharoah Den ivory tag,” First Dynasty of Egypt, (Wiki)
A New Chart of History” by Joseph Priestley, (University of Oregon InfoGraphics Lab)
I Want You for U.S. Army,” by James Montgomery Flagg, (Smithsonian)

Design Principle: “Form Follows Function”

“Whether it be the sweeping eagle in his flight, or the open apple-blossom, the toiling work-horse, the blithe swan, the branching oak, the winding stream at its base, the drifting clouds, over all the coursing sun, form ever follows function, and this is the law. Where function does not change, form does not change.” — Louis Sullivan, “The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered,” Lippincott’s Magazine (): 408.

Ian’s Take 💭 💭 💭

Sullivan’s Maxim (Wiki) is simple, and shouldn’t be considered the end of the conversation, but rather the beginning of one.

Conversation Prompt:

Can we think of any major current societal topics, or cultural issues, where we can identify tensions between:

  • form (how something looks, how something makes you feel, affect), and…
  • function (what something does, what you can do with an object, affordance)

Ian 💖 Design

Graphic Design empowers each of us to more effectively impact visual culture and popular aesthetics.

What is Visual Culture?

Visual Culture is both personal and public. We each have our own Visual Culture (Your Favs). Now imagine creating an enormous list of all of the genres, inspirations, styles, tastes, and trends of everyone: That describes a larger, shared Visual Culture (Popular Culture).

As a thought exercise: Try to notice when and where you typically encounter visual media in your day-to-day life:

  • Social Media (Algorithm/Influencers/Streamers)
  • Movies/TV (Studios/Stars)
  • Fashion
  • Packaging
  • Art
What are Popular Aesthetics?
  • Trends
  • Innovations
They Live, directed by John Carpenter, (Jacobin Magazine)

The film They Live provides us with a powerful narrative exploring visual culture in a dynamic and charged relationship to advertising, propaganda, and socio-economic issues.

Ian 💖 Design

Learning about Graphic Design and the Communication Design Practices allows us all to engage with visual culture and popular aesthetics. Design Thinking and Design Practice provide conceptual frameworks and applied techniques that empower how each of us communicates our perspective and Aesthetic Agenda.

I 💖 exploring visual culture and popular aesthetics with students!

In this design studio course, we do that by:

  • Creating and sharing our own design projects
  • Discussing and critiquing each other’s work
  • Actively taking notes during discussions and critiques (quizzes!)
  • Participating in discussions and critiques

To become a designer and visual thinker, you need to be confident in expressing and exploring your own aesthetic interests and obsessions.

I am most valuable as a teacher when I am helping student’s develop and refine their own aesthetic interests and obsessions.

Help me help you!

  • Trust the group! Share your inspiration!
  • Keep a DESIGN INSPO folder on your desktop.
  • Think critically about the design and visual culture that you look at.
  • Push yourself to describe the aesthetics and design trends that you like (and don’t like).
  • Challenge yourself to find new aesthetics and inspiration for each project! Don’t get stuck repeating the same visual strategy!

Here are a few of my aesthetic interests and obsessions from visual culture:

What Do Graphic Designers Design?

A brief list of some specific artifacts, objects, and applications that graphic designers typically work on:

  • Identity Systems
    • Logos, Lockups
    • Symbols
    • Wordmarks
  • Identity System Applications
    • Accessories
      • Tote Bags
    • Apparel
      • Hats
      • Hoodies
    • Merchandise
      • Packaging
      • Product Instructions
      • Album Covers
      • Pins
      • Stickers
  • Interaction Design (IxD)
    • Websites
    • Newsletters
    • Blogs
  • User Experience Design (UX)
    • Apps
    • User Research
  • Environmental Graphics
    • Signage
    • Wayfinding
    • Billboards
  • Publication Design
    • Books
    • Maps
    • Brochures
    • Advertisements
  • Business Communication
    • Socials
    • Advertisements
    • Internal Communications
    • Onboarding
  • Business Support
    • Invoicing, Billing
    • Restaurant Menus
    • Real Estate Fact Sheets
  • Non-Profit/Volunteer
    • Fundraising
  • Activism/Civic Engagement
    • Protest Signs
    • Yard Signs
    • Bumper Stickers

Design Disciplines

User Experience DisciplinesUX Design Masterclass,
Knowing, Reasoning and Visualizing in Industrial DesignThe Knowledge Engineering Review, Cambridge University Press,
You will read this first…Graphic Design Forum,
An Abstract Diagram” by Charles Eames,

Interests + Concerns of…

  1. Design Office
    • Who is the design office?
    • Ask yourself: Could you launch your own creative studio?
  2. Client
    • Who is the client?
    • Where
  3. Society
    • What is society?
  4. Conviction + Enthusiasm
    • This diagram by Eames asserts that conviction and enthusiasm are the primary goal of a designer’s work. Do you agree? What other goals would you include in your own diagram of design practice?